Home / How PR Works

The USA Parliament How Pure Proportional Representation (PPR) Works By James Ogle

YouTube Video "The Case for Proportional Representation" by John Cleese (1987)
An early post in Usenet in Februaru 1994 by joogle@cruzio.com
See copy of text: https://usparliament.org/case4pr.php

About Pure American Proportional Representation (PPR)

1. Droop Quota
2. STV and IRV in Multiple-Winner Districts for Pure Proportional Representation (PPR)
3. PPR (Pure Proportional Representation)
4. Three Ways to Describe the Voting (Methods #1, #2, and #3)
5. Terms and Definitions
6. Commentary by James Ogle
7. Ties
8. Mathmatics of Voting
9. Guaranteed Voter Satisfaction Levels
10. Mathematics of Pure Proportional Representation (PPR) in Cambridge MA
11. Examples of Vote Count (Proposal to California Libertarian Party on April 5th, 2019)
12. Los Angeles County Libertarian Party Motion 6/30/2019
13. Voting Systems for Names and Decision-Items
14. PPR Electoral College
15. Proposed Bylaws of the Libertarian Party of Los Angeles County (LPLAC) of California (6/23/2019)
16. Proposed Bylaws and Parliamentary Procedures of the Libertarian Party of the City of Los Angeles, California (LPCityLA) (9/1/2019)
* * *

1. Droop Quota
From Britanica.com

Droop Quota = (Total Votes/Total Seats + 1) + 1
https://www.britannica.com/topic/proportional-representation

Single transferable vote

STV has not been widely adopted, being used in national elections in Ireland and Malta, in Australian Senate elections, and in local and European Parliament elections in Northern Ireland. Under STV, voters rank candidates on the ballot in order of preference. In the 1860s Henry Richmond Droop developed a quota (the so-called Droop quota) to determine the number of votes a candidate needed to capture to win election under STV. The quota is calculated by dividing the total number of valid votes cast by the number of seats to be filled plus one, and one is then added to the quotient, which is expressed in the following formula:

Quota = (Total Votes/Total Seats + 1) + 1

For example, if 250,000 votes are cast and 4 seats are to be allocated, the quota would equal 250,000 divided by 5, plus 1, or 50,00l. After the first preference votes are counted, any candidate whose votes exceed the quota is elected. Votes received by successful candidates in excess of the quota are transferred to other candidates according to the voters' second preferences. Any surplus among subsequently elected candidates is similarly transferred, and so on, if necessary. If any seats are still vacant, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated, and all his ballots are transferred to the voters' second preferences, and so on, until all seats are filled. In this way the results reflect fairly accurately the preferences of the electors and, therefore, their support for both individuals and parties. Although the system provides representation to minor parties, results in STV elections generally have shown that minor centrist parties benefit from the system and minor radical parties are penalized. For example, though the Democratic Left (Daonlathas Cle) and Sinn Fein, the political wing of the Irish Republican Army, received similar shares of the national vote in the Irish general election of 1997, the more centrist Democratic Left won four seats to the Dail to Sinn Fein's one.
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2. STV and IRV in Multiple-Winner Districts for Pure Proportional Representation (PPR)
STV=Single Transferrable Vote
IRV=Instant Runoff Voting

Only multiple-winner districts of two or more will bring the correct mathematics for
pure proportional representation (PPR).

The following section has been adopted simultaneously by the world One Party, Libertarian Party and Green Party, but many improvements are expected in the near future.

Begin Text Here

When an Executive or BoD resigns or dies, the votes electing the executives are recounted and the next highest ranked name is automatically elected to be executive of the Party.

Voting under ranked choice voting (RCV) will use under either method #1 or method #2, listed below.

Vote counting method #1

THE "SAINTE-LAGUE PARLIAMENT SYSTEM" for seat allocation in all multi-seat districts
By Mike Ossipoff [Peace and Freedom] in 1992

Divide the election's total number of votes by the number of seats. This is the 1st quota.

Divide this quota into each candidate's votes, and round off to the nearest whole number. That's that candidate's seat allocation.

If, due to rounding, this awards a number of seats different from the desired number of seats, then adjust the quota slightly up or down until when paragraph two is carried out, it will award all seats.
End vote counting method #1

Vote counting method #2

Hagenbach-Bischoff Quota for Pure Proportional Representation (PPR)
By James Ogle [One] in 2018

Total number of votes / total at-large seats (plus one seat) = Hagnebach-Bischoff Quota

Any candidates reaching quota (plus one vote) are elected

Calibrate quota up or down (within 1/10,000th accuracy) until all seats are elected and filled.
End vote counting method #2

All voting will use ranked choice voting (RCV) in multi-winner districts of two or more with no exceptions. The guidelines for RCV will use the single transferrable vote (STV) as in Cambridge Massechusetts City Council Election statutes explained as follows:

How to Vote in a Proportional Representation Election like in Cambridge Massechusetts USA, City Council Election

Proportional Representation (PR) is the method by which voters in Cambridge elect members of the City Council.

It ensures MINORITY REPRESENTATION with MAJORITY CONTROL.

Any group of voters that number more than one-tenth of the total population can be sure of electing at least one member of a nine-member Council, but a majority group of voters can be sure of electing a majority of the Council.

In a PR election you may vote for as many of the candidates listed on the ballot as you wish, but you must rank the candidates in order of preference.

The PR ballot lists candidates with a blank line for adding consecutively ranked numerals next to their names.

Mark your choices by filling in the number one (1) next to your first choice;
Fill in the number two (2) to your second choice;
Fill in the number three (3) next to your third choice,
and so on. You may fill in as many choices as you please.

Example: Correct Marking

If you fill in more than one numeral for any candidate, if you use the same numeral for more than one choice, or should you use any mark other than consecutively ranked numerals beginning with the number one (1), your entire marked ballot will be invalid, marked "spoiled" and will not be counted.

Example: Invalid Votes for Candidates

The count begins with the sorting of ballots by the first preference shown on each valid ballot. That is the NUMBER 1 vote on each ballot. This is generally known as the "First Count".

Any candidates who reach the necessary quota with Number 1 votes are declared elected. Any extra ballots they receive beyond the quota are redistributed to the candidates marked next in preference (the number 2 preference) on those excess ballots. (See Transferring the Surplus below)

The count continues with the elimination of the candidate receiving fewest votes in the first count. Their ballots are redistributed to the other candidates according to the next preference marked.

After each distribution, the candidate now having the lowest number of votes is eliminated and his/her ballots redistributed to the next indicated preference (number 2,3,4 etc.)

As candidates reach the quota through the addition of redistributed ballots to their totals, they are declared elected and no further ballots are transferred to them. This process continues until all candidates have been eliminated except the nine winners.
* * *

3. PPR (Pure Proportional Representation)

Using rankings, consecutive numerals beginning with the number 1, will
bring pure proportional representation (PPR) to multiple winners of names
and/or decision-items.

Pure proportional representation occurs when all the numerals are
used beginning with the #1, followed by consecutively ranked numerals
thereafter, and no other characters or indeciferable characters are used.
* * *

4. Three Ways to Describe the Pure Proportional Representation (PPR) Voting (Methods #1, #2, and #3)

There are three ways to describe how to count votes in multi-winner districts which we are using on this site; Methods #1, #2 and #3:

Vote counting method #1

THE "SAINTE-LAGUE PARLIAMENT SYSTEM" for seat allocation in all multi-seat districts
By Mike Ossipoff [Peace and Freedom] in 1992

Divide the election's total number of votes by the number of seats. This is the 1st quota.

Divide this quota into each candidate's votes, and round off to the nearest whole number. That's that candidate's seat allocation.

Hagenbach-Bischoff Quota for Pure Proportional Representation (PPR)
By James Ogle [One] in 2018

Total number of votes / total at-large seats (plus one seat) = Hagnebach-Bischoff Quota

Any candidates reaching quota (plus one vote) are elected

Calibrate quota up or down (within 1/10,000th accuracy) until all seats are elected and filled.
* * *

Vote counting method #2

"Calibrating" (See Droop Quota):
[1 / (number of seats +1)] X (+ or - .000N[N=adjusted number until all seats are filled]) plus one vote = threshold for being elected in multi-winner seat district
* * *

Vote counting method #3

"Count the Tics" (Ok when large numbers of open seats exist, otherwise use STV)
Description About James Ogle's Vote Counting by William Waugh on 12/3/2013 and Modified on 9/13/2015 by James Ogle

It begins with determining the Hagenbach-Bischoff quota.

Divide the election's total number of votes by the number of seats.

This is the 1st quota.

The candidates which make the quota with the lowest sum of the enumerated rankings marked on the ballots win in consecutive order from lowest sum to highest.

Once the open seats are filled, no more names are elected.

To start the process, the voters start ranking ballots. That is to say, each voter ranks the candidates.

The ranking on each ballot begins with enumerating names with marks of #1, #2, and so on.

On a ballot, the voter associates so many (or so few) candidates as she wishes with the rank numbers. Equal ranking is not allowed.

However, I repeat, the voter can rank _so few_ candidates as she wishes. She is allowed to leave a candidate out of the rankings on her ballot. This is significant in understanding how this system works.

So much for the balloting; now to explain how the tallying proceeds:The tallying process accumulates a pair of numbers for each candidate. The more important number is the count of occurrences where a ballot ranks the candidate at all, regardless of the rank number (James calls this a "tic").

The number of tics and the sum of those tics by each name are derived from the ranked numerals assigned to that candidate on ballots.

When the number of all the rankings for each candidate reaches the 1st quota, then that candidate gets top priority for being elected to the open seats.

Once these totals are accumulated, the process provides an overall ranking of the candidates based on the following procedure for comparing any two candidates: If candidate A has strictly more count of tics than candidate B, then A is ranked higher than B.

If A and B have exactly equal tic counts, they have to be compared with regard to the other number, the sums of their ranking tic numbers.

In that case, the one with the lower sum number of tics, ranks higher in the resulting overall rankings of the candidates produced by the system.

All the names which have accumulated a number of tics whose total is equal to or more than the Hagenbach-Bischoff 1st quota, are now to be considered elected in consecutive order until all the seats are filled.

If more names than open seats who qualify by surpassing the threshold, the calibate the quota up or down, until all seats are filled.

The top of the order of those elected begins with the one name with the lowest sum of the minimum number of tics needed to reach the quota, followed by each numerically ranked name who reached the quota, from the sum of the lowest numerals of those votes/tics which are needed to reach the 1st quota.

All the consecutively ranked names from this step are elected until all the open seats are filled.

If this awards a number of seats different from the desired number of seats, then adjust the quota slightly up or down until it awards all the seats.

This comparison procedure is monotonic in the sense that it is mathematically impossible for it to lead to a rock-paper-scissors situation. * * *

5. Terms and Definitions

Pure Proportional Representation (PPR)

Pure Proportional Representation (PPR) is like the voting system in Cambridge Massachusetts USA, where ranked choice voting (RCV) must be used, consecutively ranked numerals (i.e. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,etc.) and the marked numerals must be perfect on that no number is skipped, no number used more than once, to characters other than numeral and the writing must be deciferable.

Violation of anything other than RCV brings a "spoiled" ballot, the ballot is marked SPOILED, and is not included in the counting of the original now copies of the marked ballots/eballots.

Tic

A tic is a numeral, i.e. #1, #2, #3 etc. (or 1, 2, 3). Tics are required in all cases in USA Parliament voting and any character other than a numeral in voting on USA Parliament matters is considered not legitimate. Additionally, when more than one tic is used, the next tics must be consecutive numbers and no number may be skipped or used more than once or the entire marked ballot is marked "spoiled", or no good.

Parliamentary Go-Ahead

The parliamentary go-ahead means that the executives in an elected entity give the approval in advance in the election of all new nominees who are nominated by the other executives on the committee. Once the majority (50% plus one) of the executives give the go-ahead to elect all new nominees with their own #1 ranking (tic), then when any executives nominates a new name, the name is automatically elected. That's because the majority of execs had all agreed to give the new nominee a #1 tic.

Once the parliamentary go-ahead is given, then the execs can take turns nominating new names, and as all new names get elected in consecutive order, the top name (#1) on the list is moved down one spot to #2 and the new name is at the top. As each new name is elected, the process continues.

One executive may also elect two or more names in consecutive order as long as the parliamentary go-ahead is in effect.

This way, one executive can do all the nominating, and there is no slow down awaiting for approvals of the nominee being elected. The executive may still withdraw the parliamentary go-ahead and/or give the new nominee(s) a different tic besides a #1, but they may only use consecutively ranked numbers in their own column of rankings. The #1 across the board gives top nominee the #1 spot, but when numbers other than #1 are awarded, the rankings (tics) of all executives are averaged and the order of the name is affected accordingly. Then, the list of names is re-organized, the names with the most tics and lowest sums in ties are set in order, all the list's names are ranked with consecutive numbers from top to bottom and the process begins all over again.

Ranked Choice Voting (RCV)

Ranked choice voting is a system based on algebra where the voter ranks one or more choices beginning with the number one, followed by consecutive numbers, where no same number can be used more than once or the ballot is marked spoiled. The strict compliance to the consecutively ranked numbers enables a perfect vote count by all vote counters. The number one choice is the top preference of the voter, represented by the numeral 1.

Single-winner Districts Under RCV

When the marked ballots are counted, there is a minimum threshold for the name or item to win in a single winner district of 50% plus one vote, under RCV. Everyone's vote goes initially to his or her 1st choice. If no alternative has a majority, then the alternative with fewest votes is eliminated, and each of its ballots goes to voter's next choice. This process of elimination & re-distribution continues until 1 alternative has a majority of the ballots. RCV in single winner districts is known as Instant Runoff Voting (IRV).

Pure Proportional Representation (PPR) In Multi-winner Districts Only (more per district = more exact representation)

In a two member district under RCV the threshold is 33.33% (closest the name/item can come to a three-way tie, or 1/3) plus one vote, and after each round of elimination under RCV, the first item/name to garner an additional vote (33.33% plus one vote) breaks the tie and is elected. The second item/name to reach 33.33% plus one vote is the second item elected in consecutive order.

In other words, three names received 33.33% of the votes cast, and two of the names received an additional vote and they win in consecutive order with 33.33% plus one vote each.

Each additional seat/item elected, lowers the threshold proportionately.

In a three member district, closest to four-way tie, 1/4th (or 25%), plus one vote, breaks the tie. The first three names to garner 25% of the votes (plus one vote) are elected, and the forth also received 25%, but no additional vote so that name did not win.

In a four member district, closest to a five-way tie, 1/5th (or 20%), plus one vote, breaks the tie and so the first four names to garner 20% plus one vote win in consecutive order.

In a five member district, closest to a six-way tie, 1/6th (or 16.66%), plus one vote, breaks the tie.

In a nine member district, closest to a ten-way tie, 1/10th (or 10%), plus one vote, breaks the tie.

In a 100 member district, closest to a 101-way tie, 1/101th (or .99%), plus one vote, breaks the tie.

In a 1000 member district (like the 8th USA Parliament Election of 2012), it's the closest we can come to a 1001-way tie (or .0999%), plus one vote, breaks the tie.
* * *

Guaranteed Minimum Voter Satisfaction Level

Note: When 100 names win with .99% plus one vote each, a minimum total of 99% plus 100 votes counted to elect the 100 names.

When 1000 names win with .0999% plus one vote each, a minimum total of 99.9% plus 1000 votes counted to elect the 1000 names.

That's known as the "guaranteed minimum voter satisfaction level".
* * *

ROUNDS

The first vote count of the items/names described above are elected is known as "round one", and round one is followed by round two, three, etc., until all the items/seats are elected.
* * *

Commentary by Tory Mast
The History of Single Member Districts for Congress

Single Transferrable Vote (STV)

Should the threshold not be broken by any of the fractions (or percentages) listed above, then the name/item with the fewest #1 votes is eliminated because they have the least likely chance of winning the threshold.

Each marked ballot from the first eliminated name/item's stack of ballots is transferred to the voter's next highest ranked choice, being a #2. This is known as the single transferrable vote (STV).
* * *

There are two variations ranked choice voting in the parliament's rules; instant runoff voting (IRV) used to elect one item with a guaranteed majority (50% plus one vote), and the Sainte-Lague parliament seat distribution system which is used for electing two or more items/names per election.

IRV can also be used correctly, in districts of two or more, but never should be used in single-winner districts except in absolute emergancy when your back is pinned against the wall and there is no other way to elect two or more names or decision-items simultaneously.
* * *

Sainte-Lague Parliament Seat Distribution System

When electing two or more items/names per election or district in the Sainte-Lague parliament seat distribution system which is pretty much the only system the USA Parliament uses, rule #3 was written by mathematician Mike Ossipoff in 1995 and it reads;

THE SAINTE-LAGUE PARLIAMENT SYSTEM for seat allocation in all multi-seat districts: 1. Divide the election's total number of votes by the number of seats. This is the 1st quota. 2. Divide this quota into each candidate's votes, and round off to the nearest whole number. That's that candidate's seat allocation. 3. If, due to rounding, this awards a number of seats different from the desired number of seats, then adjust the quota slightly up or down, till, when paragraph 2 is carried out, it will award all seats.
* * *

The Hagenbach-Bischoff Quota

The USA Parliament uses the Hagenbach-Bischoff method, since it is the most exact
formula known for STV in the Sainte-Lague.
* * *

Ranked Choice Consensus Voting

Ranked choice consensus voting is like consensus, where all 100% of the items/names being
voted upon that receive rankings or tics cast by all the participating
voting members are considered approved by consensus. Using the STV system,
consecutive numbers beginning with the number "1" must be used, or the ballot
is marked spoiled and considered democratically illegitimate.
* * *

6. Commentary by James Ogle

After conducting the USA Parliament elections for 17 consecutive years, it turns out that the IRV system (for single winners only) was never used in a single winner district election in the USA Parliament's elections. Only multi-winner districts of two or more have been used, under the Sainte-Lague parliament seat distribution system.

There is currently a split in the voting reform movement in the USA. Most reformers in the national voting reform movement are trying to implement SINGLE-WINNER district IRV systems in many state, county and city elections. The USA Parliament never uses IRV in single-winner districts, also known as ranked choice votng (RCV) and supports only the Sainte-Lague parliament seat distribution system in all cases over single-winner districts with no exceptions.
* * *

7. Ties

Ranked choice voting (RCV) will break many ties and ties are less frequent under RCV.

Ties are possible, but more unlikely, especially with larger numbers of voters.

Ties are possible in all reasonable voting systems, and the USA and International Parliaments do not object to ties.

The way I have been making the vote count over the years, is the names/items are elected in consecutive order, based on the number of rankings (or tics) each name/item garners until all the names/items are elected in consecutive order. In case there is a tie for the list between names that garner the same number of tics, then the lowest sum of the total tics breaks the tie.

Example of a Tie

Say the first 999 names with the most votes (or tics) were elected in consecutive order without a tie in the number of tics received per name. And a tie of two tics occurs while trying to elect the 1000th name. The tie is broken by simply adding the sum of the tics. For example, say both names received two tics, and all the other remaining names received one or zero tics. Of the two names in a tie with two tics, one name garnered a #665 and a #3 tic while the second name in the tie garnered a #665 and a #2 tic. The vote counter simply adds the sum of the two tics, and name with lowest sum breaks the tie and is elected as the 1000th spot. The name with the higher sum is not elected, but is elected as #1001 which is the first name of all consecutively ranked names as back-ups. All other names recieving one tic are elected as consecutively ranked names as back-ups, starting with #1002. The names with zero tics are not elected as back-ups.

The system described here will give us the same results that the Hagenbach-Bischoff method will give us.
* * *

8. Mathmatics of Voting
By Vote Counting Minister James Ogle [One]

RCV in single-winner districts = one-party system (Ranked choice voting like SF today)

Plurality voting in single-winner districts = two-party system (like most of USA today)

Top Two = three-party system, when voters or parties unite the 33.33% plus one, guarantees to elect a 3rd party or independent in the primary. The ensuing election in single-winner is prohibited under all elections so Top Two is no good.

MMP (mixed member proportional) = not pure proportional representation (bad for outsiders and independents because party bosses prepare the lists)

Approval Voting = not pure proportional representation

PPR (pure proportional representation) = total votes cast/total seats = lowest/equal threshold for all. (Best, and the bigger the assembly, the lower the threshold.)

PPR requires ranked choice voting (RCV) and single transferable vote (STV).

Cambridge Massachusetts has used PPR on paper ballots for more than 60 years, they love it and it works fine. With nine at-large seats, the threshold is 1/9th of the votes (plus one vote), or 10% (plus one vote),
* * *

9. Guaranteed Voter Satisfaction Levels

In Cambridge MA, with nine seats, the threshold is 1/10th of the votes (plus one vote), since nine people are elected with 1/10ths (10%) plus one vote, the "guaranteed voter satisfaction level" will be 90% (plus ten votes).

The first nine names to break the 10-way tie with one vote are elected.

It's the same principle in a single-winner election where one name/item is elected when one vote breaks a two-way tie, one name/item wins with 50% (plus one vote).

In electing a 100-member assembly, the threshold is 1/101ths (.99%) plus one vote.

As the number of seats elected, the threshold goes down and the guaranteed satisfaction level goes up.

Guaranteed satisfaction level in single-winner is 50% (plus one vote).

Guaranteed satisfaction level in nine-member district is 90% (plus nine votes).

Guaranteed satisfaction level in 100-member district is 99% (plus 100 votes).

Always the same threshold and guaranteed satisfaction level in all elections using RCV and STV. Never changes.
* * *

10. Mathematics of Pure Proportional Representation (PPR) in Cambridge MA
By James Ogle [One]
10/18/2018

Electing Nine Seats In Cambridge Massachusetts Using Ranked Choice Voting (RCV) http://www.usparliament.org/stv.php

In Cambridge Massachusetts, should there be 10,000 votes cast for nine City Council Members, the threshold for being elected would be 10% (plus one vote) for each Council Member.

The total number of votes cast divided by the number of open seats (plus one seat) is the threshold, plus one vote which breaks the threshold.

So any candidate garnering 1001 "#1 tics" is elected.

Any additional ballots beyond the 1001 figure, are single transferred to the voters' #2 tic, because only the votes electing the name are needed.

Say that three council members were elected in first round, since three names had met the threshold of 1000 (plus one vote=1001 votes).

From all the names garnering fewer than 1001 votes (1001=10% of 10,000 plus one vote), all those under the threshold were not elected in "round one".

Next is "round two".

With three of nine seats elected in round one, there will be more "rounds" to follow, to elect all nine seats.

In round two, of the names remaining, the one name with the fewest votes is eliminated from contention since they have the least likely chance, and all the ballots from the eliminated name are single-transferred to the voters' 2nd choice.

That's the single transferable vote (STV).

Should any names reach the threshold of 1001 votes after the name with fewest #1 tics is eliminated and those votes had been transferred to the voters' 2nd choice after round two, then that name(s) is elected.

Continue to "round three" where the name with the fewest votes is again eliminated and all ballots from the eliminated name are again single-transferred to the voter's #2 ranked name.

Should any voter reach the threshold in round three, then that name is promptly declared elected.

Continue the round by round elimination of lowest vote getter, the single transfer of ballots to each voter's next choice, and the election of names which reached the threshold, until all nine seats are elected.

By using this method, 90% (plus nine votes), would be the "guaranteed voter satisfaction level" once all nine seats are elected.
* * *

11. Examples of Vote Count (Proposal to California Libertarian Party on April 5th, 2019)

Rule 12:
Click here to see the current wording of rule 12: CA LP Site

Policy of Electing Executives under Pure Proportional Representation (PPR)

A. One paper ballot is equal to one vote
B. No single-winner election districts for names or decision-items are permitted.
C. Election of Names, the threshold for being elected is the Hagenbach-Bishoff method.
D. Election of Decision-items.
E. Description of the Vote Count
F. Ties are Acceptable
G. [snip, snip, not edited by James Ogle, so ignore item G.]
* * *

A. One paper ballot is equal to one vote, for both electing the Executives, and for the elected Executives' votes on decision-items. Once the voting is complete, the stack of ballots cast will be checked for "spoiled ballots", marked eballots which may have been marked incorrectly. Should any voter not used consecutive numerals, characters other than numerals, or the same number more than once, then the ballot is marked "spoiled" and removed from the stack of those being counted.
* * *

B. No single-winner election districts for names or decision-items are permitted. While we all agree that one name or one item would be considered elected or approved by a total of 50% (plus one vote), the new policy will prohibit all single-winner election districts of names and/or decision-items. No "yes or no" votes, no "raise the hands or stand" votes, only votes consisting of numerals, two or more simultaneously and the more the better.
* * *

C. Election of Names, the threshold for being elected is the Hagenbach-Bishoff method.

Hagenbach-Bischoff Quota for Pure Proportional Representation (PPR), by James Ogle in 2018

Total number of votes / total at-large seats (plus one seat) = Hagnebach-Bischoff Quota Any candidates reaching quota (plus one vote) are elected Calibrate quota up or down (within 1/10,000th accuracy) until all seats are elected and filled.

The election of the five officers of the Party are elected as one thirteen-person committee with additional names not in the "top 13" to be the first consecutively ranked names as back-ups.

Chair
Secretary
Treasurer
Northern Vice Chair
Southern Vice Chair
Eight at-large members
Total 13

All nominees for both the executive and at-large positions must attain a threshold of 1/14th (or 7.1%) [plus one vote], in order to be elected to the state "top 13".

Once the votes are counted, the names are prioritized based on the order by which their name garnered votes top to bottom, with ties being broken by adding the sums of the rankings between the tied names and the lowest sum breaks the tie first.

The top five-ranked names may pick executive titles first, in order from highest vote getter to next-highest, and only one of the five executive seats titles may be picked by five of the thirteen winners.

Executive Committee Section 1

The Executive Committee shall be responsible for the control and management of all of the affairs, properties and funds of the Party consistent with these Bylaws, and any resolutions which may be adopted in convention.
* * *

D. Election of Decision-items

For electing decision-items, all items on the ballot which garner 50% (plus one vote) under ranked choice voting (RCV), these items are considered approved. In cases where there are two similar decision-items elected with conflicting traits, then the higher-ranked item cancels out the lower-raked item of similar nature.
* * *

E. Description of the Vote Count

Round One

The count begins with the sorting of ballots by the first preference shown on each valid ballot. That is the NUMBER 1 vote on each ballot. This is generally known as the "round one".

A stack of ballots for each candidate's #1-marked ballots is organized from most votes to least votes, where all candidates have their stack of #1 votes.

This is known as the "single transferrable vote" (STV).

The count of round one continues with the elimination of the candidate receiving fewest votes in the first count. Their ballots are redistributed to the other candidates according to the next preference marked.

Round Two

Any candidates who reach the necessary quota with their stack of paper ballots/ votes are declared elected. Any extra ballots they receive beyond the quota are redistributed to the candidates marked next in preference on those excess ballots.

Round Three, Four, etc.

The rounds continue, each round a new name(s) may reach the necessary quota and then declared elected. Any extra ballots they receive beyond the quota are redistributed to the candidates marked next in preference on those excess ballots.

After each distribution, the candidate having the lowest number of votes is eliminated and his/her ballots redistributed to the next indicated preference.

This process continues until all candidates have been eliminated except the nine winners.
* * *

F. Ties are Acceptable

Ties are rare under ranked choice voting and so they are welcomed. In cases where a tie occurs for either name or decision-item, both (or all) names/decision-items are elected and the number of total seats increases until the next round of voting when the tie can be broken.
* * *
G. [snip, snip, not edited by James Ogle, so ignore item G.]
* * *

12. Los Angeles County Libertarian Party Motion 6/30/2019
Bylaws of LPLAC https://lplac.us/resources/bylaws

---------------------------------------------Begin motion------>

In order to further the democratic interests of the Libertarian Party, we the people move that our elections are conducted under "pure proportional representation (PPR)".

So in order to take a big first step in that direction, we move that the chair and vice chair elections be combined into a multi-winner race where the highest vote getter is chair and the second-highest is vice chair (see "b. Enhanced by Herd") and there are two more which I wrote which would change policies with regard to all elections by LP of LAC.

Thanks for your consideration!

Respectfully,
--James

PS I will send this to you and Kevin Shaw by Facebook too so to make sure you see our first draft.
* * *

Begin -------------------------------------------------------->

Proposed Amendments for Los Angeles County Libertarian Party
https://lplac.us/resources/bylaws/file/1-los-angeles-county-bylaws
(Copied from above link on 4/29/2019)

a. Current in Bylaw
b. Enhanced by Herd
c. Enhanced by Ogle
d. Super-Enhanced by Ogle
* * *

a. Current in Bylaw

ARTICLE V: OFFICERS
Section 2: Elections, Term of Office. The officers shall be elected by ballot to serve for one year or until their successors are elected, and their term of office shall begin at the close of the annual meeting at which they are elected. Nominations shall be from the floor.

b. Enhanced by Herd

Election System of Chair and Vice-Chair

Voting for Chair and Vice-Chair will use ranked choice voting (RCV) in a single, county-wide, multi-winner district of two. The guidelines for RCV will use the single transferrable vote (STV) as in Cambridge Massachusetts City Council Election statutes, Droop Quota, and so the threshold for winning each seat is exactly 1/3rd of total valid votes cast, plus one vote.

Droop Quota = (Total Votes/Total Seats + 1) + 1
https://www.britannica.com/topic/proportional-representation

Election of Decision-Items

c. Enhanced by Ogle

ARTICLE V: EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND DECISION-ITEMS Section 1: Officers and Duties. The officers of the Party shall be a Chair, a Vice-Chair, a Secretary, a Treasurer, and Regional Representative from each Region.

The Droop Quota is used, all seats are elected at-large simultaneously and so the top-ranked name picks the open executive officer seat first, followed by every consecutively-ranked elected name which follows, until all executive seats are picked.

Droop Quota = (Total Votes/Total Seats + 1) + 1
https://www.britannica.com/topic/proportional-representation

Section 2: Elections, Term of Office. The officers shall be elected by ballot to serve for one year or until their successors are elected, and their term of office shall begin at the close of the annual meeting at which they are elected. Nominations shall be from the floor.

Election System of Officers

Election of Decision-Items

d. Super-Enhanced by Ogle

ARTICLE V: EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND DECISION-ITEMS
Section 1: Officers and Duties. The officers of the Party shall be a Chair, a Vice-Chair, a Secretary, a Treasurer, and Regional Representative from each Region.

Droop Quota = (Total Votes/Total Seats + 1) + 1
https://www.britannica.com/topic/proportional-representation

Section 2: Elections, Term of Office. Up to 100 "county-level-members" shall be elected by ballot to serve for one year or until their successors are elected, and their term of office shall begin at the close of the annual meeting at which they are elected. Nominations shall be from the floor. Fifty of the 100 may be dues-payers, and 50 may be non-dues-payers who may sign as dues-payer but may only serve as free member through the next election. Exceptions such as resoignations and death would end the term and the next highest-ranked name from the original stack of paper ballots cast would elect #101 into #100's seat so all top-100 names are always elected.

Election System of Officers

Once up to 100 "county-level-members" have been elected, they may each cast a ballot for executive officers which are outlines in Section 1, and also additional votes may be cast on paper ballots for decision-items such as guidelines, planks on platform, resolutions, agendas, etc. When their ballot is updated by casting fresh items then the total for all 100 "county-level-members" is also updated.

Election of Decision-Items

13. Voting Systems for Names and Decision-Items

Election of Names

Election of Decision-Items

14. PPR Electoral College
By James Ogle [One] 2/2/2019

There is a situation where the split vote problem in pluralism shuts out third parties and independents.

The LP uses the same system that brings a one-party system - Approval Voting in single-winner districts, POTUS and Vice-POTUS, in two single-winner district elections, at the national convention.

The new system, pure proportional representation or PPR, uses ranked numerals beginning with #1, all other voting methods are deemed not democratically legitimate, and every numeral following #1 on the ballot must be consecutive with no variations or the ballot is marked "spoiled".

More than 99.8% [(1/538 [+ 1]) (plus one vote) X 539 = 99.8] of the votes cast by US voters for the Electors will elect the Electors, and 66.66% (plus two votes) of the elected Electors' votes elect #1 and #2.

The mathematics of PPR correct the problems with bringing the one-party or two-party system but not many people know.

To annoint someone under pluralism is the old way.

The new United Coalition USA is bringing the 538-member Electoral College which brings the new three-party system, where three biggest factions come within one vote of simultaeously electing either #1 (President) and/or #2 (Vice President).

We need team players to bring the three-party system and everyone needs to look into teamwork and team psychology to help improve the moral for everyone.

The PPR Electoral College guarantees that more than 99% of the Elector Colleges' votes will elect both President and Vice-president and so we to unite and bring the best names with the highest numbers of votes to count.

Only PPR guarantees that 66.66% (plus two votes) will elect #1 and #2. Us men can make history when 66.66% (plus a few more) are to vote for whom they believe will be best for the whole USA.

The United Coalition USA is striving to eliminate all single winner districts and by doing that, we will end the two-party system.

We ask everyone to get involved in three different political parties to bring the three-party system for President and Vice President.
* * *

15. Proposed Bylaws of the Libertarian Party of Los Angeles County (LPLAC) of California (6/23/2019)
https://lplac.us/resources/bylaws/file/1-los-angeles-county-bylaws
(Copied from above link on 4/29/2019)
Bylaws of LPLAC https://lplac.us/resources/bylaws
(Copied from above link on 6/24/2019)

1. The name of this Party shall be the Libertarian Party of Los Angeles County (LPLAC).

2. The object of this Party shall be to elect Libertarians to public office.

3. The Membership of the Party shall be all members of the Libertarian Party of California who reside in Los Angeles California, or who choose to affiliate with Los Angeles County.

4. The Libertarian Party of Los Angeles County shall always use only consecutive numerals beginning with the number one (AKA ranked choice voting, or RCV), in multiple winner districts of two or more with no exceptions.

5. For electing names, the single-transferrable vote (STV) is used, like in Cambridge Massachusetts City Council Election statutes.

6. Resignations and death would end the person's term and the next highest-ranked name, based on the original stack of paper ballots cast and kept as proof, is always automatically elected.

7. When the Droop Quota is used, all seats are elected at-large simultaneously within one at-large district.

Droop Quota = (Total Votes/Total Seats + 1) + 1
https://www.britannica.com/topic/proportional-representation

8. Names of up to 100 county-level-members shall be elected by ballot to serve for one year or until their successors are elected, and their term of office shall begin at the close of the annual meeting at which they are elected.

9. Nominations shall be from the floor. Up to fifty elected names of the 100 may be dues-payers and up to fifty elected names may be non-dues-payers (free member).

10. Elected non-duespayers who may sign as dues-payer later may only serve as free member through the next election.

11. Once up to 100 county-level-members have been elected, they may each cast a ballot for executive officers.

12. For electing the LPLAC executives for day-to-day decisions, the top-ranked elected name picks the open executive officer seat first, followed by every consecutively-ranked elected name which follows, until all seats are picked.

13. The officers of the Party shall be Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer and Regional Representatives.

14. For electing bylaws, planks and decision-items, RCV is used, but STV is not used.

15. All items on the ballot for decision-items which garner 50% (plus one vote) under ranked choice voting (RCV), are items considered approved.

16. In cases where there are two similar decision-items elected with conflicting traits, then the higher-ranked item cancels out the lower-raked item of similar nature.
* * *
end

16. Proposed Bylaws and Parliamentary Procedures of the Libertarian Party of the City of Los Angeles, California (LPCityLA) (9/1/2019)
https://usparliament.org/ss11-9-1.php
PDF of Blank Paper Ballot

1. The name of this Party shall be the Libertarian Party of the City of Los Angeles, California (LPCityLA).

2. The object of this Party shall be to elect Libertarians to public office.

3. The Membership of the Party shall be all members of the Libertarian Party of California who reside in the City Los Angeles California, or who choose to affiliate with the Libertarian Party of California within the City of Los Angeles County.

4. LPCityLA shall always use ranked choice voting (RCV) in the form of ranked paper ballots only (and eballots when practical and verifiable). Consecutive numbers beginning with the #s 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. etc. must always be used when marking on (e)ballot of all alternative decisions or names. Deviation from this guideline will disqualify the ballot, and the ballot will be marked spoiled.

5. For electing names, the single-transferrable vote (STV) is used, like in Cambridge Massachusetts City Council Election statutes.

6. Resignations and death would end the person's term and the next highest-ranked name, based on the original stack of paper ballots cast and kept as proof, is always automatically elected.

7. When the Droop Quota is used, all seats are elected at-large simultaneously within one at-large district.

Droop Quota = (Total Votes/Total Seats + 1) + 1
https://www.britannica.com/topic/proportional-representation

8. Names of up to 100 city-level-members shall be elected by ballot to serve for one year or until their successors are elected, and their term of office shall begin at the close of the annual meeting at which they are elected.

9. Nominations shall be from the floor. Up to fifty elected names of the 100 may be dues-payers and up to fifty elected names may be non-dues-payers (free member).

10. Elected non-duespayers who may sign as dues-payer later may only serve as free member through the next election.

11. Once up to 100 county-level-members have been elected, they may each cast a ballot for executive officers.

12. For electing the LPCityLA executives for day-to-day decisions, the top-ranked elected name picks the open executive officer seat first, followed by every consecutively-ranked elected name which follows, until all seats are picked.

13. The officers of the Party shall be Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Regional Representatives and three Judicial Committee members.

14. For electing bylaws, planks and decision-items, RCV is used, but STV is not used.

15. All items on the ballot for decision-items which garner 50% (plus one vote) under ranked choice voting (RCV), are items considered approved.

16. In cases where there are two similar decision-items elected with conflicting traits, then the higher-ranked item cancels out the lower-raked item of similar nature.

17. Election of these Guidelines

18. Election of Officers

19. Election of General Voting Membership

20. Annual cycles of Elections and "Votes of Confidence"
* * *
end